Various modes of transport involved in the logistics equipment
(A) road transport equipment
Road transport equipment mainly includes transport vehicles. The transport vehicles used on the road are mainly cars. The car is divided into bus, truck and special transport vehicles. In the logistics and transport, logistics enterprises are mainly used for special transport vehicles and trucks.
1. Special transport vehicles. This
includes a dump truck with a hydraulic unloading mechanism; a mass
truck with a loading and unloading container; a standard trailer or
truck that is enclosed in a box, a box-type car; a top open gondola; a
flatbed, that is, no top and side Box trailer; tank trailer; refrigerated trucks; can increase the
volume of the car box car; design unique with a special purpose of
special vehicles.
(1) Dump truck. This
truck power, through the ability, can automatically flip or rollover,
items can be by virtue of their own gravity to remove. Generally used for mining and construction sites and coal and ore transport. The logistics company usually does not use this truck.
(2) scattered grain car. Bulk car is very dedicated, for the use of food transport.
(3) box car. As
the box-type car structure is simple, high capacity utilization,
adaptability, so the field of logistics is the most widely used truck. The
main feature of the box-type car is the car is fully enclosed, the door
easy loading and unloading operations, to achieve "to the door"
transport. Closed
car can not only make the goods from the wind and rain and rain, but
also to prevent the loss of goods, reduce cargo damage, improve
transport quality. Small
box cars are usually both sliding side door and rear door, easy loading
and unloading items, and because of small and flexible, able to cross
the streets, you can directly deliver the goods to the consignee. Small box-type car for transport distance is shorter, small batch, the operation time requirements of high items. Especially
in the delivery of various household appliances, textiles and other
light industrial products, small box-type car is the ideal choice for
logistics companies. In general, box-type truck's cargo capacity, container sealing performance. With the reduction of the weight of the car (the box material tends to
light alloying), box-type car in the cargo market, the status of
increasing.
(4) Gondola. Because the top is open, the gondola can load the goods ranging from high to low.
(5) flatbed. This car is mainly used for the transportation of steel and containers and other goods.
(6) Tank trucks. This car has a strong sealing characteristics, suitable for
transporting fluid items (such as oil) and volatile, flammable and other
dangerous goods.
(7) refrigerated trucks. This car is mainly used to transport the need to control the temperature of the frozen fresh and perishable and fresh items.
(8) Barrier trucks. The characteristics of this car is the vehicle center of gravity is low, moderate load. Mainly used for loading department stores and groceries.
(9) container tractors and trailers. Container
tractor is specially used for towing container trailers or
semi-trailers. The combination of the two is a special machine for
long-distance transport of containers. It is mainly used for the
transportation between port terminals, railway freight yard and
container yard. Container trailer according to drag the way different, divided into
semi-trailer and trailer two, of which the most commonly used
semi-trailer.
A truck. Trucks are divided by cargo, heavy, light truck; according to the size of the car, there are large, neutral, mini-truck. Among them, the indoor collection of goods, picking can be used mini
and light trucks, long distance transport can use heavy trucks, short
distance outdoor transport can use medium goods vehicles.
(2) Railway transportation equipment
Railway transport equipment mainly car body, wheels and rails. But the logistics enterprises in the choice, mainly on the vehicle to choose.
Railway
vehicles are the tools to transport passenger and cargo, in the
operation need to hang into a train by the locomotive traction forward. Vehicles in accordance with the delivery of different objects, can be divided into buses and trucks. Many types of trucks, such as caravan, gondola, flat cars, tankers, insulation cars and so on. Transport afraid of wet and valuables, the logistics business can choose box car. When the goods are not afraid of wet bulk cargo or general mechanical equipment, you can use the gondola. Flat cars are generally used for loading and growing goods (wood) and containers. As with freight cars, tankers are mainly used for the transport of liquid, semi-liquid and powder products. Insulation vehicles are mainly used to ship fresh perishable goods and
special requirements for the temperature of certain medicine.
(3) Waterway transportation equipment
Logistics companies in this regard mainly depends on the choice of two
aspects of the content, that is, the choice of ships and shipping
methods.
Ship
A ship is a tool for navigating or parking in a waters for transportation or other operations. Logistics companies use mainly cargo ships. According to the different cargo carried by the cargo ship, the cargo ship can be divided into the following:
(1) dry bulk carriers. A bulk cargo ship used to load undocumented bulk cargo. Because
the goods carried by the need for bundles, into a package, into the box
packaging, not afraid of extrusion, easy loading and unloading, so bulk
carriers are generally single deck ship. Transport of food, coal and other general use of dry bulk carriers.
(2) general cargo ship. That
is, ordinary cargo ships, the general load is not very large, in order
to facilitate the cargo and has two or three decks, usually equipped
with cargo equipment (such as boom or hydraulic rotary crane), many
million-ton general cargo ship, cabin. The speed of the cargo ship is not very high. The general cargo ship is mainly used to load the general packaging, bags, boxes and barrels of goods. The new type of general cargo ships are generally multi-purpose
vessels, both carrying ordinary goods and can also carry bulk cargo,
bulk cargo, refrigerated goods and containers.
(3) refrigerated ships. Refrigeration ship is refrigerated and transport meat, fish, eggs, milk, fruit, vegetables and other items of the ship. Most of the food items at room temperature for a long time transport, custody, will occur rotting deterioration. The
biggest feature of the refrigerated vessel is that its cargo space is
actually a large cold storage, can provide the necessary temperature for
the goods for a long time. Because different types of goods require different temperatures,
refrigerators are divided into insulated vessels (mainly for the
transport of fruits, vegetables) and frozen vessels (transport of meat,
fish and other frozen goods).
(4) Wooden boat. As the name implies, the timber boat is a ship dedicated to loading wood or logs. This boat is characterized by large hatchways, cabin and deck can be loaded with wood.
(5) crude oil tankers. Ships carrying crude oil. The ship's load is very large.
(6) finished oil tanker. Special transport of gasoline, diesel and other petroleum products, ships, have a high fire, explosion requirements.
(7) container ships. Is a ship carrying a container, also known as a container ship or container ship. All or most of the container ships are used to load the container. The size of the containerized cargo warehouse is standardized according to the requirements of the box. Container ship loading and unloading efficiency is high, effectively shortening the time in Hong Kong. The speed of the ship is generally high. Container ships are part of the container, convertible containers and full container ship points.
(8) ro-ro ship. This
kind of boat owner is used to load the transport car and the container,
on the side of the ship or on the bow, with the opening slope connected
to the pier. Its advantages are mainly not dependent on the terminal loading and
unloading equipment, loading and unloading speed, can speed up the ship
turnover.
(9) liquefied gas carriers. Is a ship that specializes in the transport of liquefied gas. These liquefied gases mainly include liquefied natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, ammonia, ethylene and liquid chlorine.
(10) barge. This is a mother and son ship that specializes in cargo handling. The
use of this ship's transport business process is the first goods loaded
on the square barge, and then barge loading barge, transported to the
port of destination, the goods refuted, with tugs to the goods to their
destination. This kind of ship loading and unloading efficiency is high, suitable for Haihe intermodal.
(4) other transportation equipment
This mainly includes air transport equipment and pipeline transportation equipment.
Air transport equipment. Mainly including airports and aircraft.
(1) airports. That is, airports or airports, air traffic is the stop for aircraft to take off, landing and parking.
(2) aircraft. For logistics enterprises, the aircraft mainly refers to the civil aircraft in the cargo plane or cargo dual-use machine. Cargo
transport capacity, but the high operating costs, limited to some
sources of adequate use of the route, so the transport costs are high. The current trend is the rapid development of passenger and cargo
mixers, because it can transport passengers and goods at the same time,
and according to the transport needs of timely adjustment of transport
arrangements, high flexibility.
2. Pipeline transportation equipment. Logistics enterprises in the pipeline transportation, the main choice for different pipelines. (Including
kerosene, petrol, diesel, aviation kerosene, fuel oil and liquefied
petroleum gas), natural gas pipelines (conveying natural gas and
oilfield associated gas), and (b) (b) (b) (b) (b) (b) (b) Solid slurry piping (eg conveying coal slurry).